INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY STATUS OF MOSQUITOES FROM FOUR SELECTED COMMUNITIES OF KAFANCHAN, SOUTHERN PART OF KADUNA STATE

Abstract

A study was carried out in Kafanchan metropolis to determine the susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l (23.66 %), Aedes aegypti (24.76 %) and Culex quinquefascaitus (51.57 %) to the four major classes of insecticides approved by W.H.O. Mosquito larvae were sampled bi-weekly using the standard (350 mL dipper) dipping method from behind and around high-density populated communities in Kafanchan metropolis. They were sorted into species using taxonomic keys and reared in the laboratory to adult stage. DNA was extracted from selected Anopheles for identification. The sucrose-fed two to three days old adult females were tested for susceptibility according to WHO Insecticide Resistance Bioassay guidelines. The mosquitoes were tested against four insecticides (Pyrethroid: Permethrin 0.75 %; Carbamates: Bendiocarb 0.1 %; Organochlorine; Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane {D.D.T} 4.0 % and Organophosphate; Pirimiphosmethyl 0.25 %) using the W.H.O recommended insecticide impregnated papers as the diagnostic kits for one hour and kept in holding test tubes for 24-hour period against the insecticides. A total of 1272 mosquito samples were exposed to the W.H.O insecticides papers. Mortality counts showed that all mosquitoes were suspected to be resistant to all the insecticides (73.84 % - 92.24 %). DDT insecticide had least significant effect on Anopheles (82.50 %) and Culex (73.82 %), while Bendiocarb holds promise for greatest effect on all mosquito species. This could be attributed to the common use of different types of insecticides and pesticides for control of medical insects and agricultural practices that occur in urban settlements. The study recommends regulated use of different classes of insecticides / pesticides for the control of mosquitoes specially to reduce the increase of insecticide resistance.