INFLUENCE OF SETTLEMENT PATTERN ON INTER-RELIGIOUS AND INTER-CULTURAL HARMONY IN KADUNA METROPOLIS

Abstract

Kaduna Metropolis has experienced increasing ethnic and religious segregation, influencing inter-religious and inter-cultural harmony. Settlement patterns play a crucial role in shaping socio-spatial interactions, with historical conflicts exacerbating divisions. This study examines the influence of settlement pattern on inter-religious and inter-cultural harmony in Kaduna Metropolis. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires covering socio-demographics and study-specific factors, while GPS coordinates were used to map spatial distributions across four Local Government Areas (Kaduna South, Kaduna North, Chikun, and Igabi). A triangulated analytical approach was used, combining descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Frequencies, percentages, means, and chi-square tests assessed demographic factors, segregation influences, and intergroup relations, while GIS mapping visualized settlement distributions. Findings revealed significant gender disparity in responses (66.2% male, 33.08% female), influenced by cultural and religious restrictions. Religious representation was 58.4% Christian and 35.7% Muslim, though not reflective of Kaduna State’s actual composition. Ethnic diversity was evident, with Hausa/Fulani (33.1%), Yoruba (14%), and Igbo (13%) as the dominant groups. Unemployment (57.8%) emerged as a key socio-economic challenge, while 56.1% of respondents reported relocating due to past crises. Politics (72.8%) and ethnicity (59.8%) were major segregation drivers. The study concludes that historical conflicts, political interests, and socio-economic factors drive segregation, undermining inter-religious harmony. It recommends urban integration policies, strengthened community dialogues, economic empowerment programs, and political accountability to foster peaceful coexistence and sustainable development.