PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

Abstract

Disasters displace millions of people globally, forcing many into internal displacement. Nigeria is not an exception, with the challenges of banditry, kidnapping, terrorism, and natural disasters, among others. Internal displacement has many negative consequences, such as mental disorders and psychological distress, among others. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of depression among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two internally displaced persons’ camps in Abuja in October 2023 using mixed methods. 382 respondents for the quantitative study were selected using systematic sampling, and those for the focus group discussion (FGD) were purposively selected. The data collection tools were interviewer-administered questionnaires and an FGD guide. Psychological distress and coping mechanisms were assessed using validated tools such as the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and the Brief COPE-28. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with multivariate analyses exploring associations between trauma and mental health outcomes. Approximately 42% of the respondents experienced moderate distress, while 30.9% experienced severe depression. Traumatic experiences, including lack of food, witnessing violence, and separation from family, were prevalent. A significant correlation between psychological distress and trauma was identified (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), while adaptive coping strategies were inversely related to distress (β =-0.20, p = 0.022). Unemployment and self-employment were also positively associated with psychological discomfort. Qualitative findings highlighted severe emotional distress and trauma among participants, including recurring disturbing memories and detachment from others. The study showed the prevalence of extremely severe depression and emotional distress among the IDPs.  There is an urgent need for targeted mental health interventions in the IDP settings through coordinated efforts from governments, humanitarian agencies, and mental health practitioners, among others.