BREAKING SEED DORMANCY IN TAMARINDUS INDICA USING DIFFERENT PRE-TREATMENT METHODS

Abstract

This study investigated the germination and seedling growth of Tamarindus indica, focusing on overcoming seed dormancy to enhance its sustainable propagation and utilization. As a highly valued tropical species, T. indica offers significant ecological, medicinal, and industrial benefits but faces challenges such as habitat loss and dormancy-related low germination rates. Using seeds obtained from Kaduna, Nigeria, the research applied four dormancy-breaking methods: normal water soaking, hot water treatment, mechanical scarification, and varying concentrations of sulfuric acid. Germination performance and early growth were assessed under controlled conditions using germination incubators and polythene bag setups with potting mixtures. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of important secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, emphasizing the plant's medicinal potential. The results showed significant (p<0.05) variations in germination and seedling vigor among the treatments, with sulfuric acid demonstrating the highest efficacy in breaking dormancy and promoting uniform germination. These findings show the importance of selecting appropriate dormancy-breaking methods for enhancing the cultivation of T. indica. The study presents the need for conservation and sustainable agricultural practices to prevent the extinction of this valuable species while promoting its industrial and ecological utility. This research contributes critical insights for afforestation programs, pharmaceutical raw material production, and biodiversity conservation, ensuring the long-term availability of T. indica for future generations.