PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF ECTO- AND ENDOPARASITES IN GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS FROM SELECTED MARKETS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS

Abstract

Parasitic infections significantly impact poultry health and productivity, especially in regions with limited biosecurity where poultry is a key nutritional resource. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with ectoparasites and endoparasites of local chickens (Gallus domesticus) in six major markets in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 250 chickens were sampled to identify parasitic burden, assess prevalence rates, and determine associated risk factors, including sex and weight. Ectoparasites were examined directly under the microscope by their morphological characteristics, and faecal samples were examined using standard parasitological techniques (Simple flotation and Centrifugal sedimentation) for endoparasites. Ectoparasites identified included Menacanthus stramineus (18.4%), Dermanyssus gallinae (10.8%), and Argas persicus (6.0%), among others, with an overall prevalence of 54.0%. Endoparasites such as Ascaridia galli (22.0%) and Strongyloides avium (14.0%) were also detected, with a cumulative prevalence of 64.8%. Risk analysis at significant level of 0.05 revealed that lower-weight chickens exhibited significantly higher infestation rates (p < 0.01), whereas sex was not a significant determinant of parasitic infections (p > 0.05). This study highlights the critical need for improved biosecurity measures, better management practices, and targeted interventions to mitigate parasitic infections and improve poultry productivity and public health in the region.