ASSESSMENT OF BIRD DIVERSITY IN SELECTED URBAN AREAS IN AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study assesses bird diversity across selected urban environments, focusing on bird abundance, species richness, diversity metrics, and feeding guilds. A total of 247 birds were recorded, yielding an average of 41.17 ± 6.28 birds per site. Notably, residential sites exhibited the highest bird abundance (57.5 ± 4.5), while market sites had the lowest (28.5 ± 4.5). The Rock pigeon (Columba livia) emerged as the most prevalent species, highlighting its adaptability to urban habitats. A total of 19 species were identified, with the highest species richness recorded in residential areas (14.5 ± 0.5) compared to motor-park (4.5 ± 0.5) and market sites (3.5 ± 0.5). Statistical analyses indicated significant variations in species richness and diversity indices (F = 25.6689, P = 0.013), with residential areas demonstrating the greatest diversity (2.2865 ± 0.0845) and evenness (0.855 ± 0.02). The orders Columbiformes, Passeriformes, and Accipitriformes were the most widely represented. Feeding guild analysis revealed the highest granivore abundance in motor-park sites (31.5 ± 11.5), while residential sites supported the most omnivores (18 ± 0.0) and insectivores (18 ± 8.0). These findings underscore the importance of urban green spaces in supporting diverse bird communities and highlight the need for effective urban planning to enhance biodiversity in urban ecosystems.