HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS FROM WATER SOURCES AROUND SELECTED DUMPSITES IN ONDO CITY, NIGERIA

Authors

  • Waliat Oluwabamike Adetunji-Popoola Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,
  • Patience Unekwuojo Daikwo Environmental Management and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo,
  • John Oluwatoyosi Osho Environmental Management and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo,
  • Yemisi Aramide Tijani Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Redeemers’ University, Ede, Osun State,
  • Oluwakemi Basira Ogunyemi Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,
  • Kabirat Iyabode Adegbite Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,

Abstract

This study assessed the health risk of heavy metals in different water sources around dumpsites in selected areas of Ondo City, Ondo State. Water samples were collected for a period of six months spanning the dry and wet seasons. The samples were digested following standard procedures, and heavy metals were analysed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Health risks from ingestion were determined by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead and Chromium had values higher than the WHO recommendation for drinking and irrigation purposes. Cadmium and Mercury had HQ ≥ 1, while ILCR for Chromium was not within the range stipulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This shows that water from these locations is not safe for any domestic or irrigation purposes; hence, regulations against indiscriminate dumping of waste should be strictly enforced to avoid water contamination.

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Published

2026-10-21

Issue

Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026)

Section

ARTICLES

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Science World Journal

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.